cognitive neuroscience
Research Papers
Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
An important challenge in mental health research is to translate findings from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging research into effective treatments that target the neurobiological alterations involved in psychiatric symptoms. To address this challenge, in this review we propose a heuristic neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We do this by integrating information from several sources. First, we provide case vignettes in which patients with OCD describe their symptoms and discuss different clinical profiles in the phenotypic expression of the condition. Second, we link variations in these clinical profiles to underlying neurocircuit dysfunctions, drawing on findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in OCD. Third, we consider behavioral, pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments that could target those specific neurocircuit dysfunctions. Finally, we suggest methods of testing this neurocircuit-based taxonomy as well as important limitations to this approach that should be considered in future research.
View Full Paper →Neurofeedback Training to Enhance Learning and Memory in Patients with Cognitive Impairment
The brain tumours can make cognitive impairment especially when they involve the limbic system, the frontal or temporal lobes. The aim of the present study was to examine neurofeedback training (NFT) to enhance learning and memory in patients with cognitive impairment. Single case pre- and post-intervention study was adopted. The qEEG WISC-IV and CBCL test was compared pre and post NFT. Patient was given 40 sessions of NFT, 45 min / day, 3 days a week. The training incorporated video feedback to increase the frequency of Beta waves (15-18 Hz) and to decrease theta waves (3-7 Hz) in T3 and F3. Also, SMR training was performed in Cz to decrease the seizure attacks. qEEG showed prominent different in the brain activity. Results indicated decrease in theta and increase in Beta waves. The present study puts forward that NFT should be taken into account to plan for rehabilitation of patients with cognitive impairment for enhancement of performance in the school or university.
View Full Paper →Integrating cognitive neuroscience research and cognitive behavioral treatment with neurofeedback therapy in drug addiction comorbid with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A conceptual review
Persons with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders have a more persistent and refractory illness course than those without dual diagnosis. However, few studies have assessed the effects of cognitive-behavioral and biobehavioral treatments on brain function and behavioral indices in people with comorbid drug abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this conceptual review, we propose an integrated approach to assessment and treatment utilizing cognitive neuroscience methods, conventional psychotherapeutic treatment and neurofeedback therapy to assess the recovery of cognitive and emotional functions affected by chronic psychostimulant drug abuse co-occurring with PTSD. We review cognitive and motivational factors (e.g., craving, hypersensitivity to drug- and threat-related cues, deficient executive top-down control etc.) involved in addiction and PTSD, and discuss reasons for their persistence and high vulnerability to relapse in cocaine and methamphetamine users with co-morbid PTSD undergoing behavioral treatment. Incorporating neuroscience assessment methods to assess the effects of psychotherapy and neurofeedback interventions for comorbid disorders may provide significant potential for identifying side-by-side psychophysiological with clinical markers of treatment progress, and may also provide useful information for planning interventions.
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