Frequency
Research Papers
Finding Parameters around the Abdomen for a Vibrotactile System: Healthy and Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Freezing of Gait (FOG) is one of the most disabling gait disorders in Parkinson's Disease (PD), for which the efficacy of the medication is reduced, highlighting the use of non-pharmacological solutions. In particular, patients present less difficulties in overcoming FOG when using feedback and especially with Biofeedback Systems. In this study it is intended to detect the frequency threshold and the minimum interval of perception of the vibrotactile feedback, through a proposed wearable system, a waistband. Experimental tests were carried out that considered a temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal context, for which 15 healthy and 15 PD patients participated. It was detected as threshold frequency 180 Hz and for minimum interval of vibration perception 250 ms. The identification of this threshold frequency and this interval will allow us to select the frequency and the minimum interval of vibration to be used in a Vibrotactile Biofeedback Device for patients with PD, in order to help them to overcome FOG.
View Full Paper →Infra-slow Fluctuation Training in Clinical Practice: A Technical History
Infra-slow Fluctuation (ISF) electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback is a recent development in neurofeedback training. This form of training is focused on the lowest energy the brain produces (< 0.1 Hz). The intervention is performed with a Direct Current (DC) coupled neurofeedback amplifier. It is distinct from Slow Cortical Potential (SCP) training and Infra-Low Frequency (ILF) training. It shares a similar optimization process with ILF that focuses on emergent state shifts within sessions. These state shifts require frequency adjustments that optimize client response to the training in real time. Due to the technical difficulties inherent in recording these frequencies, EEG investigators largely neglected this low energy until recently. As DC amplifiers improved, the slow frequencies became a signal of increasing interest to researchers. Research has demonstrated an important role for the infra-slow oscillations in clinical work. Positive clinical case outcomes suggest that a larger controlled study is warranted. The technical, clinical, and equipment requirements of the intervention make this form of neurofeedback unique in the pantheon of EEG biofeedback interventions.
View Full Paper →Nonlinear analysis in treatment of intractable epilepsy with EEG biofeedback
About 25% epilepsy patients are suffering from medically intractable epileptic seizure. Many studies have shown that electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback therapy has the exciting potential for seizure control. In this paper, five patients with intractable epilepsy were trained to increase the production of sensorimotor (12 15 Hz) activity and decrease the production of slow theta (4 7 Hz) activity. Nonlinear analysis are proposed to evaluate the effect of biofeedback training. In all the five patients, the complexity and approximate entropy of EEG increased significantly (P<0.05) after (about 1-month) the biofeedback treatment
View Full Paper →EEG-NeuroBioFeedback Treatment of Patients with Brain Injury: Part 2: Changes in EEG Parameters versus Rehabilitation
Background. A sample of 27 patients with brain injury distributed in five clinical classes was examined for pre- and post-treatment symptoms and associated power spectra. Methods. Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) compressed spectral arrays were analyzed with respect to the rate of rehabilitation and correlated with a checklist of symptoms for each patient and the group as a whole. Results. Targeted decreases in slower (3–7 Hz) and higher (24–32 Hz) frequencies, and EMG (70–90 Hz), and increases of alpha (8–12 Hz) and mid-range beta frequencies (15–18 Hz) were achieved following Neuro-BioFeedback (NBF) treatment using positive reward tones and a simultaneous visual reward. The impact of gender and age class influence was assessed against treatment results. Single lead EEG power spectra changes were analyzed for hemispherectomized patients, stroke, car accident and trauma patients. A common EEG pattern was observed for a group of patients exhibiting vertigo with two subgroups in which vertigo resolved or did not resolve showing EEG differences. Conclusions. EEG NeuroBioFeedback can successfully treat patients with brain injury with highly clinically-meaningful clinical results. Changes in Cz power spectra generally occur, but do not always immediately follow resolution of symptoms. Since EEG-NBF is limited to recording cortical surface potentials, it is possible that changes induced by the treatment which result in clinical changes may not always be reflected at the cortical surface and hence may not be available for recording and analysis there, despite subcortical integration.
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